What Are Business and Technical Reports

A report is a document that presents information in an organized format for a specific audience and purpose. Although summaries  of reports may be delivered orally, complete reports are almost always in the form of written documents. In Contemporary Business Reports, Kuiper and Clippinger define business reports as organized, objective presentations of observations, experiences, or facts used in the decision-making process. Sharma and Mohan define a technical report as a written statement of the facts of a situation, project, process or test; how these facts were ascertained; their significance; the conclusions that have been drawn from them; and [in some cases] the recommendations that are being made in Business Correspondence and Report Writing. Types of reports include memos, minutes, lab reports, book reports, progress reports, justification reports, compliance reports, annual reports, and policies and procedures. Observations H. Dan OHair, James S. ORourke, and Mary John OHair, Business Communication: A Framework for Success Reports can fulfill four different, and sometimes related, functions. They can be used as controls to ensure that all departments are functioning properly, to give information, to provide an analysis, and to persuade others to act. Characteristics of Effective Reports Shirley Kuiper and Dorinda Clippinger,  Contemporary Business Reports Effective reports are understood by the reader as the writer intended, and they influence the reader to act as the writer desired. The writers objectives are most likely to be achieved if they correspond with the needs and objectives of the reader. An effective report is empathetic, accurate, complete, concise, and clear. Above all, an effective report presents information ethically. Warren Buffet on Communicating With an Audience Warren Buffet, Foreword to A  Plain English Handbook One unoriginal but useful tip: Write with a specific person in mind. When writing Berkshire Hathaways annual report, I pretend that Im talking to my sisters. I have no trouble picturing them: though highly intelligent they are not experts in accounting or finance. They will understand plain English, but jargon may puzzle them. My goal is simply to give them the information I would wish them to supply me if our positions were reversed. To succeed, I dont need to be Shakespeare; I must, though, have a sincere desire to inform. Long  and Short Reports John M. Lannon, Technical Communication In the professional world, decision-makers rely on two broad types of reports: Some reports focus primarily on information (what were doing now, what we did last month, what our customer survey found, what went on at the department meeting). But beyond merely providing information, many reports also include analysis (what this information means for us, what courses of action should be considered, what we recommend, and why). For every long (formal) report, countless short (informal) reports lead to informed decisions on matters as diverse as the most comfortable office chairs to buy to the best recruit to hire for management training. Unlike long reports, most short reports require no extended planning, are quickly prepared, contain little or no background information, and have no front or end matter (title page, table of contents, glossary, etc). But despite their conciseness, short reports do provide the information and analysis that readers need. Sources Kuiper, Shirley. Contemporary Business Reports. Dorinda Clippinger, 5th Edition, Cengage Learning, February 6, 2012. Lannon, John M. Technical Communication. Laura J. Gurak, 14th Edition, Pearson, January 14, 2017. Office of Investor Education and Assistance. A Plain English Handbook. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, August 1998, Washington, D.C. OHair, Dan. Business Communication: A Framework for Success.  James S. ORourke, Mary John OHair, 1st Edition, Cengage Learning, April 7, 2000. Sharma. Business Correspondence And Report Writing. 5th Edition, Mc Graw Hill India, July 1, 2017.

The Theme of Love in The Sun Also Rises - 648 Words

Love is a universal language; it is something that everyone understands. It does not necessarily have to be spoken of; instead it can be shown through people’s action. In most novels love is an unseen character yet it plays this strong force that moves the story along. Ernest Hemingway writes about a group of people who are trapped in a wearisome game of love. In The Sun Also Rises Jake Barnes, the protagonist, is a journalist whose war injury causes him to be handicapped. He is madly in love with Lady Brett who loves him in return. However, they cannot complete their relationship because of Jake’s injury. Therefore all he can do is helplessly watch as Brett dates other men. Their forbidden love is similar to the story of Romeo and†¦show more content†¦This is because the woman he loves brought another man while she knows that he loves her. Hemingway did not have to describe the anger or frustration Jake was encountering instead he used dialogue to show us ho w angry was. Hemingway also uses dialogue as a way to distinguish a specific class in society. On page 69, Brett introduces an African drummer to Jake. This African drummer lived in France for a decent amount of time, however due to his poor education his dialect is slurred. I think that his skin color probably placed him on the bottom of the social ladder contributing to his poor education. Imagery also plays a significant role in this story. Unlike many authors Hemingway’s descriptions are simple. His imagery also enables the reader to understand the characters’ feelings. â€Å"Her eyes looked flat again† (35), Hemingway uses Brett’s eyes to describe her unhappiness. Throughout the novel the readers can â€Å"see† the way Brett feels through her eyes. Hemingway specifically uses her eyes to describe her emotions, while he uses dialogue for other characters. Hemingway also uses vivid and simple words to illustrate the setting. â€Å"[†¦]rolling and grassy[†¦]the grass was short from the sheep grazing† (121). Although his imagery is straightforward it allows the audience to experience a more realistic setting, rather than a over-the-top setting. His imagery also allows room for imagination, in many casesShow MoreRelated Ernest Hemingway Essay868 Words   |  4 Pages Ernest Hemingway: A Literary Marvel â€Å"One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh; but the earth abideth forever . . . The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to the place where he arose . . . The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north; it whirleth about continually, and the wind returneth again according to his circuits . . . .All the rivers run into the sea; ye the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come, thither they returnRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Modernism1513 Words   |  7 PagesOne strong theme of modernism in literature is the attack and or decline of The American Dream. The American Dream is the idea that everyone, men, and women, have an equal opportunity to achieve wealth, success and or happiness through determination, and hard work, in other words, the pursuit of happiness. Two writers that illustrate this theme of modernism are F. Scott Fitzgerald, author of The Great Gatsby, and Ernest Hemingway, author of The Sun Also Ri ses. 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These three pieces of literature all explore love or falling in love. However, in all three of these literatures, there is something that obstructs either the couples love to workRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sun Also Rises Ernest Hemingway Introduction Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises is a classic work of American prose, and is essential to understanding the social climate of the 1920’s, and the â€Å"Lost Generation†. Hemingway’s motley cast of star-crossed lovers, rabble-rousers, expatriates, gamblers, and burgeoning alcoholics reflect the excitement, loneliness, and disillusionment experienced by Hemingway and his contemporaries. In addition, the post-war angst of young people of the time isRead MoreThe Sonnets Of Shakespeare s Sonnets1396 Words   |  6 Pagesthe poem itself. For instance, a man may be deeply in love, and yet if he does not change to be a poet, his expressions of that love will probably be high-flown†¦ On the other hand, a real poet may feel intense, noble, and lofty emotion over an imagined situation, as is proved by the very existence of the poetic drama.† (Sutherland. â€Å"The Sincerity of Shakespeare s Sonnets) Simply put, someone who is not a poet is likely to portray their love in flamboyant ways and hyperbolic statements, whereas aRead MoreMasculinity in Hemingway ´s The Sun Also Rises756 Words   |  4 PagesHemingway’s novel The Sun Also Rises has his male characters struggling with what it means to be a man in the post-war world. With this struggle one the major themes in the novel emits, masculine identity. Many of these â€Å"Lost Generation† men returned from that war in dissatisfaction with their life, the main characters of Hemingway’s novel are found among them. His main characters find themselves drifting, roaming around France and Spain, at a loss for something meaningful in their lives. The charactersRead MoreThe Four Of Us Are Talking About When We Talk About Love By Raymond Carver1258 Words   |  6 PagesTalk About Love† by Raymond Carver is a story about four friends having drinks and conversing about what love means to them. Terri tells a story of her former partner, Ed, who used to phy sically abuse her and claims that he did so out of love. Mel, who is a cardiologist, tells a story of this who couple who was in a terrible car accident, and while healing the old man was saddened because he could not turn over and look at his wife due to the casts restricting his movements. Mel also goes on to sayRead MoreErnest Hemingway s The Sun Also Rises1353 Words   |  6 Pagesemotion or to get an important lesson or theme across to the readers. Other authors write to create a picture for others to see as the author sees it. Ernest Hemingway creates The Sun Also Rises to do both jobs. It’s a lot harder to visualize something if there is not enough description, but Hemingway uses the right amount of detail to paint a picture of every lesson he wants to teach. Colors are a very important part of describing how things look, and they can also be used relatively with a strong characteristicRead MoreEssay on Disillusionment in Hemingway ´s The Sun Also Rises1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe Sun Also Rises, grasps this very subject in a subliminal way; one must accurately analyze Hemingway’s somber tone and sparse writing style in order to find the hidden symbolism and themes captured within this literary work. His protagonist, Jake Barnes, has certainly experienced prodigious pain, but according to Hemingway, he must heal himself fully in order for the pain he endured to be worth it whatsoever. Through its contrasting concepts and facade of leading a fulfilled life, The Sun Also

Ann Taylor Survival in Specialty Retail

Question: Discuss on focus on value concepts that appeal to customers in the current market scenario? Answer: ANN operates LOFT as well as factory outlet stores which carry products priced lower than those offered by the Ann Taylor brand. Pricing at LOFT is significantly lower than its sister concept Ann Taylor, and it has significantly better value proposition. ANN made a conscious decision to continue to expand the LOFT concept given its broader appeal. The company opened 38 LOFT stores in FY2014. Ann Taylor Factory and LOFT outlet stores offer past season best sellers from the Ann Taylor and LOFT merchandise collections, respectively, and are extensions of those brands in the outlet environment. The company opened 14 new LOFT outlet stores and seven Ann Taylor factory stores in FY2014. Over the past several years, the outlet business fared comparatively well as consumers increasingly visited outlet stores seeking deeper value over traditional malls and strip centers. Consumer spending has been depressed due to the economic downturn and there has been an increase in the price sensitive customer base. The factory outlets and LOFT stores with presence in the value segment increase the potential customer base for the company. Additionally, ANN is better positioned to sustain competition from discounters and other value retailers without diluting its brand image. Reliance on third-party manufacturers ANN does not own or operate any manufacturing facilities and depends on independent third parties to manufacture its merchandise. Therefore, the continued success of the company's operations is tied to its timely receipt of quality merchandise from third-party manufacturers. If the manufacturer is unable to ship orders on time or meet the quality standards, it could cause delays in responding to consumer demands and negatively influence consumer confidence in the quality and value of the company's brands. Furthermore, ANN is susceptible to increases in sourcing costs from manufacturers which the company may not be able to pass on to the customer. All of these reasons could have a material adverse impact on the company's financial condition and its competitive market position. Dependence on a single distribution center and third party distribution in the US For majority of its merchandise, right from the receipt to its distribution to the stores in the US, ANN depends on a single distribution center located in Louisville, Kentucky. A portion of ANN's merchandise is distributed to the stores through third-party distribution centers located in City of Industry, California and Toronto, Canada. Merchandise sold on the company's websites www.anntaylor.com and www.loft.com is delivered by a third-party fulfillment vendor located in Bolingbrook, Illinois. Any interruption in the operations of the Louisville distribution center or of the distribution operations of these third parties could adversely impact ANN's ability to distribute merchandise to the stores. This could result in lower sales, loss of brand loyalty, increased costs and inventory issues which, in turn, could have a negative impact on the company's Consumer traits A number of industry players, including Chico's FAS Inc. and Ann Inc., specifically target affluent women through private-label brands with high prices. The success of these brands depends on the income levels of consumers and their willingness to spend more on clothing than is necessary. Underpinning an anticipated 2.0% increase in industry revenue in 2015, consumer confidence and per capita disposable income are both expected to rise in the coming year, indicating healthy retail conditions in the United States. Growth in a specialized stores industry requires a strong consumer economy. Women's clothing stores' reliance on wealthy customers is illustrated by consumers from lower income brackets spending less on women's apparel in 2013, while consumers earning $150,000 or more increased these expenditures. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), average annual expenditures on women's apparel decreased by 12.7% from 2011 to 2013, while total industry revenue increased an es timated 5.2% over the same period. Many consumers looking for clothing at lower prices will choose alternative retailers over specialized clothing stores. Another important success factor for industry stores is the ability to keep up with consumer trends within their target demographic and provide the styles that customers desire. Many of the industry's major players market their products to young to middle-aged women, making the number of consumers within these demographics an important figure. Declining mall traffic is an ongoing concern for retailers with these target markets, with a number of well-known brands in the industry recently dissolved or in crisis. Industry competition IBISWorld expects the number of industry enterprises to grow at an annualized rate of 2.8% over the five years to 2015, reaching an estimated 33,079 companies. Internal competition is high, with industry stores competing for sales through advertising, comparable pricing and limited-time promotions. Many industry players are small and run only one establishment, and 60.6% of stores have fewer than 10 employees. Since the recession, larger industry players and private equity firms have acquired small companies that did not fare well in times of declining sales and increased purchase costs. Competition from businesses outside the industry has also made survival difficult for smaller players, some of which cannot compete with low prices from discount retailers and used goods stores. Many consumers on a budget have less discretionary income to spend on fashion and base their choices on price. People and places According to the BLS, jobs within the retail sector provide employment for over 4.0 million people. In total, the Women's Clothing Stores industry is expected to employ 421,272 workers in 2015, with employment having grown at an average annual rate of 5.2% over the past five years. The BLS reports the median hourly wage to be $10.16 for retail salespersons. While these wages might seem to be a small expense in an industry with billion-dollar major players, IBISWorld estimates that they account for 14.4% of industry revenue. This is attributable to the many boutiques stores with fewer costs than larger operations, with wages taking up a large portion of a boutique's budget. The geographic spread of industry stores is concentrated in metropolitan areas, particularly within New York and California. Fashion hubs like New York City and Los Angeles provide specialized clothing stores the opportunity to network with designers, merchandisers and fellow retailers, and gain exposure in the industry. This networking can lead to changes and improvements in a store's supply chain, and enable the store to effectively follow trends within the industry. Consumers with higher incomes are also concentrated around these areas, supplying high-end operators with their preferred customer base. References: 1. Armstrong. M. A (2006)Human Resource Management Practice (10th edition) 2006, Kogan Page , London ISBN 0-7494-4631-5 2. Brassington, F. and Pettitt, S. (2006). Principles of Marketing. 4th Edition. Pearson. ISBN: 978-0273695592 3. Gupta, Sunil, Lehmann and Donald R.(2005) Managing Customers as Investments: The Strategic Value of Customers in the Long Run, pages 70-77 (Customer Retention section). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education/Wharton School Publishing. ISBN 0-13-142895-0 4. Gilad and Benjamin (2009). Business War Games. Career Press. 5. Finch Julia (2 February 2010). "Tesco opens its first zero carbon store". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 1 September 2010. 6. FerrelO.C.and Hartline M.D (2010) Marketing strategy 7. Kotler P. Armstrong G.(2010), Principles of Marketing 13E , Pearson Prentice Hall, p.293 ISBN 978-0-13-607941-5 8. Harker M. (2009) Marketing an introduction 9. Wind J. and Mahajan V.(2002)Digital marketing global strategy from the worlds leading export

Case Study on Financial Accounting AASB 138 Intangible Assets

Question: Discuss about the Financial Accounting for AASB 138 Intangible Assets. Answer: Intangible asset is the asset that is not physical in nature. The AASB 138 intangible assets explain how the intangible asset are recognized, estimated and disclosed within the financial statements. It outlines the treatment of both non identifiable and identifiable intangible assets (Berk and DeMarzo, 2007). Companies frequently incur liabilities or expend resources on the enhancement, maintenance, development, acquisition, of intangible resources such as scientific or technical knowledge, design and implementation of processes or new systems, intellectual property, trademark, market knowledge and licenses (Hillier, 2010). The disclosures of intangible assets are very much important for a company as it shows the asset value during a period of time. The intangible assets of AGL energy has been disclosed in the balance sheet of the financial statement of the organization. The balance sheet shows the assets and liabilities of a company during a period of time. The balance sheet shows property, plant and equipment of amount $6,482 million disclosed in the Note 18 and the intangible assets is around $3232 million that includes goodwill of amount $2791 disclosed in the Note 19 representing significant recorded balances in the consolidated financial position statement (Holton, 2012). The evaluation and analysis of the recoverable amount of the assets requires judgment to determine the assumptions to support the expected flow of cash and utilization of relevant assets. The valuation of the assets is also very much important for the company and the finance department plays a significant role in evaluating the value of the assets. The key areas that the AGL energy focuses are as follows: Acquiring the understanding of key control management that has placed in order to measure the unbilled cost accrual Challenging and understanding the assumption of the management relating to tariffs and volume used to determine the costs accrual by: sample basis including calculation of volumes in to sales, purchases and other systems as well as testing the control system within the departments (Moles, 2011). Prices are compared applied by the distributors with the current tariff tables Critically evaluating the methodologies of management and their key assumptions are utilized in the valuation model that are described in the Note 19 The identification of the cash generating unit includes allocation of property, plant and equipment and associated allocation and identification of the cash flow for the purpose to assess the recoverable amount of cash generating units (Paramasivan and Subramanian, 2009). The assumption for the long term growth rate in forecasting the flow of cash by comparing them to the historical results, industry and economic forecasts The applied discount rate The appropriateness of the unbilled cost accrual s based on the calculation of the expected accrual to utilize the supplied information. The finance department evaluates the models of cash flows and forecasting the flow of cash as well as assessing the historical accuracy (Spiceland, Sepe and Nelson, 2011). The sensitive analysis helps to determine and evaluate the key drivers of the growth rates uses in discount rate and cash flow forecast. The sensitive analysis includes key assumptions that either collectively or individually required for the assets to be impaired and likelihood of movement in the arising key assumptions (Stittle and Wearing, 2008). The annual report of the company shows the intangible assets in the balance sheet at the end of the financial reporting period. The financial reports is prepared as per the AASB standard. The intangible assets of Medibank is also shown in the balance sheet of the company. The disclosure of intangible assets includes: Goodwill Goodwill is estimated as described in the Note 3(f)(x) of the annual report. The intangible asset includes goodwill on the acquisition of the subsidiaries. It is not amortized but it is evaluated for impairment and it is carried at the cost less the impairment losses (Wolf, 2008). Losses and gains on the disposal of an organization includes carrying amount of the goodwill related to the company sold. The goodwill is allocated to the CGUs for the objective of the of the impairment testing. Software The costs incurred in obtaining licenses and software will contribute to the financial benefits in future period through cost reduction and revenue generation are capitalized to the software intangibles. The capitalized costs include direct costs of service and material and payroll related costs and direct payroll of the employees (Berk and DeMarzo, 2007). The software intangibles are commonly carried at the cost less impairment losses and accumulated amortization. Customer relationships and contracts Customer relationship and contracts acquired as the part of the business are separately recognized from goodwill. The customer contracts and relationship are carried at the fair value acquisition dateless impairment losses and accumulated amortization (Hillier, 2010). The amortization of the customer relationships and contracts is estimated on the basis of the straight line method over expected useful life that for the assets owned currently by the group is around 10 to 12 years and is determined in amortization and depreciation expense in income statement. Impairment of assets Intangible assets and goodwill have useful life and are not subjected to the amortization and annually tested for the impairment. Other assets of the company are tested for the impairment whenever changes in situations or events show that carrying amount cannot be recoverable. The impairment losses are determined for the amount at which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the recoverable amounts (Holton, 2012). Therefore, the recoverable amounts are higher of the fair value of the asset less disposal cost and value in use. The estimated flow of cash are discounted to the present value of the assets using the discount rate which reflects the assessment of current markets time value of money and specific risk to the asset. The main purpose of assessing the impairment is that the assets are appropriately grouped at low level for which there are inflow of cash that are independently largely of the inflow of cash from other group of assets. Provisions Provisions are determined and recognized when a company has a constructive and legal obligations as a result of the past event and it is important that the outflow of the resources would be required to reconcile the obligations and amounts has been estimated reliably. The provisions are not determined for the future operating losses. Thus, there are number of obligations for the company and the outflow of resources would be required to be settled by considering the obligation class a whole (Paramasivan and Subramanian, 2009). The provisions are estimated at the net present value of the estimates of the management of expenditure that is required to settle the obligations at the end of the financial reporting period. The expected payments in future are discounted using the market yield at the end of the financial reporting period using the corporate bonds with the maturity terms that matches the estimated future outflows of cash (Stittle and Wearing, 2008). The increase in provision du e to the time passage is recognized as the interest expense. The annual report of the company shows the intangible assets in the balance sheet at the end of the financial reporting period. References Berk, J. and DeMarzo, P. (2007).Corporate finance. Boston: Pearson Addison Wesley. Hillier, D. (2010).Corporate finance. London: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Holton, R. (2012).Global finance. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Moles, P. (2011).Corporate finance. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Paramasivan, C. and Subramanian, T. (2009).Financial management. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers. Spiceland, J., Sepe, J. and Nelson, M. (2011).Intermediate accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Stittle, J. and Wearing, B. (2008).Financial accounting. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Wolf, M. (2008).Fixing global finance. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Benefits of Science Essay Example

Benefits of Science Essay Example Benefits of Science Essay Benefits of Science Essay Daylon Coles Everybody in this country knows the benefits of having science apart of our culture. Science is the systematized body of knowledge which helps our minds to learn and discover all about everything. It improves us by developing our minds, creating advancements in technology and makes it a bit easier to live in our world. Science matters in our world and it should matter for the simple fact that without science, we would fail to make advancements in life, from a business and ethical standpoint, and it should matter because ancient civilizations which were far more advanced than us, incorporated science as their primary means of survival and advancements. Measles is a highly contagious viral illness of the respiratory system that spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Historically, measles has been a life taking disease, but WHO (World Health Organizations) reported in 2006 that measles death rates dropped from 871,000 to 454,000 between 1999 and 2004, thanks to a global immunization drive. That’s about a 50 percent decrease in 5 years thanks to the advancement in Science. Living in this country you can’t fail to neglect the business aspect of it. Science has also proved to have some pros to the business aspect of life. If we were to take a look at some numbers, exclude ethics, and examine the business aspect, ’some’ people are actually generating a very good profit: In the year 2008, there were more than two dozen pharmaceutical companies that grossed over a billion dollars. In order to determine if we need science in our world, we would have to determine whether or not the world would be a more effective place without science. That would mean taking away the scientists of the world and imagining the world without it. I’ll attempt to focus on a couple of scientist and what they do and you, the reader, can determine whether or not we need these sciences: Agricultural Scientist- Study commercial plants, animals and cultivation techniques that increases the productivity of farms, Microbiologists- study bacteria, virus and fungi, Neuroscientist- study the function of the nervous system, Medical scientists- Scientists who carry out clinical trials to find revolutionary solutions in the field of medicine. So for instance, you take away the science of agriculture and you fail to have to necessary crops to produce basic means for life. You take away microbiology and you will no longer have the tools to create vaccines for diseases people encounter in everyday life. If you were to sit back for a moment, and just visualize the world without the many different braches of science, you can clearly see the world is in much need and will continue to be in dire need of science. One negative viewpoint people may try to take is that advancement in science and technology brings pollution, destroys animal life and maybe even one day it will destroy earth. People may also believe Science opposes the way humans should live, degrading our morals and encourage humans to be lazy and materialistic. These theories can potentially be true, but before fully agreeing with them ask you to imagine this scenario; If you were sitting in a room tied down to a chair with a loaded gun on the table, would the gun shoot you? It’s just you, four walls, yourself tied down to the chair and the loaded gun. Obviously the gun would not shot you. That is the same exact concept of science. It’s not the science that causes so much pollution and makes people lazy; it’s the people. If you were to take a doctor who specializes in abortions, but decides to never indulge in performing such operations, people wouldn’t see him as abusing his right. So when looking at science from a negative viewpoint remember guns don’t kill people, people kill people. No matter how you look at it, science is a vital concept in life and without it, we would be a lost civilization. Science does matter in the world and it should matter for the simple reason of progression. If you aren’t going forwards, then you’re going backwards and fortunately, science is the tool that allows us to continue to advance.

Keats Ode Poems Essay Essays

Keats Ode Poems Essay Essays Keats Ode Poems Essay Essay Keats Ode Poems Essay Essay This essay will work in consolidative subjects of Keats’ verse forms. Ode to a Nightingale. Ode to Melancholy. Ode to Psyche. Ode to Indolence. and Ode on a Greek Urn. The paper will analyse these verse forms and so use thematic links. In Keats’ verse form Ode to a Nightingale. the first stanza begins with the storyteller depicting grief. The undermentioned emotions each illustrate this chief point through the usage of words such as ‘drowsy numbness’ . and ‘dull opiate’ ( Lines 1-3 ) . The first stanza introduces the reader to the natural component of the nightingale. ‘light-winged Dryad of the trees’ ( Line 7 ) . This nightingale juxtaposes the narrator’s emotion in a contrastive point of felicity. and therefore elicits of the storyteller a response of enviousness ( Crawford 478 ) . The narrator’s purpose on comparing their batch with the felicity of the Luscinia megarhynchos is one full of earnest merely every bit much as enviousness. The storyteller wants to hold the nightingale’s felicity as is proven with the lines. ‘O for a draft of vintage†¦That I might imbibe. and leave the universe spiritual world. And with thee melt off into the forest dim’ ( Lines 11-20 ) . Therefore. the desire of flight is an constituted subject in Keats’ verse form Ode to a Nightingale ( Crawford 476 ) . This thought of escape is farther established in the 3rd stanza as it reads. ‘Fade far off. dissolve. and rather forget†¦The fatigue. the febrility. and the fret’ ( Lines 21-23 ) . The wish to be a nightingale. of the thins in life the talker wishes they could have is all tied up in this bantam songstress. and its life is envied all that much more because of the unachievable nature of the talker to go like the bird ( Columbia Encyclopedia 12356 ) . It is a different universe that the talker desires. one in which grief. loss. and antsy concerns of the mundane universe are excessively heavy to bear. and so their flight is non merely to go forth society. to roll off into the forests. or even to go forth the state. but to metamorphose into another animal. a bird. in which the really symbolism of flight alludes to get away. and a fast 1. Not merely is escape the ideal of the talker but to be able to bury about the concern plenty to make a beautiful vocal is the other aim in wanting to go a nightingale. These semblances. and ponderings of transmutation is the subject which runs throughout Keats’ verse forms. For. in the speaker’s present province in this verse form. because. presumptively. of their inability to see the universe before them. as is interpreted in the lines. ‘I can non see what flowers are at my pess. Nor what soft incense bents upon the boughs’ ( Lines 41-42 ) . Therefore. in going a Luscinia megarhynchos. the storyteller will cast the concerns of his present human province in society and be able to steep themselves in the natural universe ( Stillinger 595 ) . In the same temper of transmutation the talker suggests that possibly decease is a great flight. ‘I have been half in love with easeful Death. Call’d him soft names in many a mused rime. To take into the air my quiet breath’ ( Lines 52-54 ) . Here so is seen the ultimate escape subject ; Death. These two subjects. that of flight through nature ( nightingale ) and through supernatural ( Death ) run in opposing waies. as Keats points out in the verse form. â€Å"Thou wast non born for decease. immortal Bird! ’ ( Line 61 ) . Therefore. the bird is proven to be an ageless symbol and therefore. the poem’s storyteller must happen which persuasion ; the natural or the supernatural will win them over ( Smith 400 ) . In Keats’ verse form Ode to Melancholy. the subject of desiring joy is read throughout the verse form. The verse form seems to be an inspirational alteration from Ode to a Nightingale as the verse form illustrates a kind of derision from decease in the lines. ‘For shadiness to shadow will come excessively somnolently. And drown the argus-eyed torment of the soul’ ( Lines 9-10 ) . Therefore. death’s personification is in the shadows which the storyteller portends to be the terminal of life. where a individual should non travel ( Lethe ) . The battle of depression between felicity is a really simple subject in all of Keats’ verse forms. and one that is no different in this verse form. yet its sentence structure is more elaborately woven ( Stillinger 596 ) . The verse form states that felicity can non be gotten without melancholy and the greater the depression the greater the felicity. The desire of the storyteller in this verse form. as in Ode to a Nightingale is to be joyous. although the tract to this joy is complicated with despairing ideas. and the dragging of world. This comparison and contrast of melancholy and felicity is best seen in the lines. ‘ She dwells with Beauty-Beauty that must die’ ( Line 21 ) . Therefore. the transcendency of the ethereal of Beauty. as with the nightingale’s vocal. is something that is captured one time. and so is gone. either changed into a memory. a dream. an semblance. or decease. The accomplishment of beauty. joy. and felicity is the chief aim for Keats’ verse form. This nonsubjective is absolutely illustrated in his verse form Ode to Psyche in which the storyteller professes the beauty of the goddess. The storyteller is oppugning the beauty of Psyche. non to prove its world but to inquire whether or non they truly did see her. ‘Even into thine ain soft-conched ear: Surely I dream’d to-day. or did I see. The winged Psyche with awaken’d eyes? ’ ( Lines 4-6 ) . Therefore. Psyche’s beauty is non contested. but the vision of her beauty is by the talker. The talker goes on to lucubrate on the forest scene as had been done with the escapist path imagined in Ode to a Nightingale. The storyteller goes on to discourse the nature of their vision as two nymphs encompassing arm in arm. a winged male child and Psyche. Thus. the component of the supernatural is combined with that of the natural. which was clearly defined in Ode to a Nightingale with the bird and decease ; in this verse form they collaborate with the goddess being seduced in a wood glen. Therefore. these elements. natural and supernatural. work together to organize a collaborating image for the reader. This verse form dwells more on the illustration of a scene of Psyche being made love to. and the utmost beauty of her. while the old verse forms were chiefly focused on the narrator’s reading of their universe in footings of flight and melancholy. The escapist path taken in this verse form may outdo be described as escape through beauty. The Godhead is predominately seen in this verse form that its presence in comparing to the melancholy wishes found in the old verse form points the decisive reader towards the point of view that in beauty. particularly of fabulous proportions. is found a different signifier of flight. The belief in the aeriform kingdom. the kingdom found beyond the mundane. commonplace. and existent. and into the celestial spheres. The despair found in the old cited Keats’ verse form is found in Ode to Psyche in the component of desiring Psyche. of wanting her in this ( the narrator’s ) modern twenty-four hours. ‘Too. excessively late for the fond believing lyre. When sanctum were the haunted forest boughs. Holy the air. the H2O. and the fire’ ( Lines 37-39 ) . The dedication to this fabulous kingdom is to the full witnessed with the storyteller in the concluding stanza. ‘Yes. I will be thy priest. and construct a fane’ ( Line 50 ) . Therefore. the storyteller professes to desire to be in servitude to the goddess and makes many vows. and paints a pretty image of what such a life of servitude would be like. This image involves a batch of natural scenes of the forest with trees. bees. birds. watercourses. stars. flowers. etc. Therefore. the image of the existent. the natural. is given to back up the claim of doing the supernatural every bit existent as possible ; the subject of the natural and supernatural are seen one time once more. It does non look as though Keats is composing with personification ; that is. doing a adult female into the image of the goddess Psyche. but he is utilizing the existent image of the goddess to carry through a desire. Ode to Indolence trades with enticement and artlessness. The verse form begins. once more. with a really Keats’ hallucination affecting appareled figures. with urns. The intensions of decease. and of mythology are seen in this imagination. This verse form has the storyteller ask the three figures why did non go forth the talker entirely ; this means that the talker wishes to stay in their province of laziness as Keats writes. ‘my pulsation grew less and less’ . When the talker is done oppugning the figures. and they leave the storyteller. the verse form takes a different bend. as the talker province. ‘Then faded. and to follow them I burn’d And ached for wings. because I knew the three: The first was a just amah. and Love her name ; The second was Ambition. picket of cheek. And of all time alert with exhausted oculus ; The last. whom I love more. the more of incrimination Is heap’d upon her. maiden most unmeek. – I knew to be my demon Poesy’ ( Lines 22-31 ) . The talker so is preoccupied with desiring something of the supernatural universe. as is seen in the old verse forms discussed. ‘They faded. and. forsooth! I wanted wings’ ( Line 32 ) . The desiring of a different universe. the universe with the shadows is felt merely as strongly in this verse form as was analyzed in the old verse forms. The dream universe besides survives in this verse form as a subject for Keats. It is in the dream that the psyche exists more to the full than in the existent universe. that is the fact that the psyche is the conduit through which joy is realized. and so it is in a dream. or a surreal universe that the talker is able to happen felicity. The yearning for the shadows in this verse form is the concluding image which Keats leaves the reader with. ‘Fade quietly from my eyes. and be one time more In masque-like figures on the drab urn’ ( Lines 57-58 ) . With the image of the urn in this verse form. the obvious allusions to decease can non be misinterpreted. and so. decease as a preternaturally coveted figure as with Ode to a Nightingale is seen by the reader ( Mauro 290 ) . The subject of escape. although rather obvious in the other verse forms analyzed in this paper is doubtless seen in the verse form Ode on a Greek Urn. The thought of negative capableness is besides read in this verse form. or uncertainnesss. The reader is non given the individualities of the figures on the urn. although their impact on the talker is obvious. The figures are representational of Keats’ ain uncertainness ( Negative Capability ) . The verse form serves to concentrate the usage of the imaginativeness as a gateway into the supernatural kingdom which in itself. and its cryptic are non ever known in the corporeal kingdom. The relationship of art to existent life is the inspiration for this verse form. The same thought of negative capableness. or enigma as was seen in Ode to Indolence with the brumous three figures. and the reader’s ain ignorance on their individuality is one time once more seen in Ode to a Greek Urn. This ‘mystery’ or ignorance is most significantly read in the last three lines of the verse form. ‘Than ours. a friend to adult male. to whom thou say’st. ‘Beauty is truth. truth beauty. –that is all Ye know on Earth. and all ye need to know’ is said by the urn or is the poet’s. Keats ain position. Each verse form analyzed and compared and contrasted in this paper has had an implicit in subject of truth ; that is. the talkers attempt to happen out their ain psyche. their ain personal truth in the kingdom of the supernatural piece at times either abandoning the natural. or brooding more in the natural in order to do the supernatural seem that much more touchable as is seen in Ode to Psyche. The subject of flight was really strong in Keats’ verse form. it was non all together the chief focal point of the poet’s point of view ; alternatively the focal point may besides be the remarkable point of wanting a alteration. The thought of transmutation is what genuinely captures the reader’s imaginativeness with Keats. and it is with transmutation that a true concurrent subject is found. Plants Cited Crawford. A. W. Keats’s Ode to a Nightingale. Modern Language Notes. Vol. 37. No. 8. ( Dec. . 1922 ) . pp. 476-481. John Keats Selected Poetry. 3 April 2009. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //englishhistory. net/keats/poetry. hypertext markup language gt ; Mauro. Jason. The Shape of Despair: Structure and Vision in Keats’s ‘Ode on a Greek Urn’ . Nineteenth-Century Literature. Vol. 53. No. 3. ( Dec. . 1997 ) . pp. 289-301. Smith. Hillas. John Keats: Poet. Patient. Doctor. Reviews of Infectious Diseases. Vol. 6. No. 3. ( May-June 1984 ) . pp. 390-404. Stillinger. Jack. Keats and Romance. Surveies in English Literature. 1500-1900. Vol. 8. No. 4. ( Autumn 1968 ) . pp. 593-605. The Columbia Encyclopedia. Criticism. 6th Edition. 2007.

120 Introduction to Political Science Assignment

120 Introduction to Political Science - Assignment Example For instance, in some countries the voting process is flared due to political interference with the body in charge of the elections. The current political leaders in such countries might not be willing to relinquish power even after being defeated hence rigging their opponents out. Therefore, the results of the voting process might not reflect the true value of the voting process hence an individual’s vote might not count nor add to the change process. In contrast, participation in a group gives that sense of satisfaction and the motivation to push on even if you fail. As much as it is a risky and demanding process-especially in a heated political society-There are several groups that have succeeded in bringing changes in their communities. For instance, Martin Luther King was active in fighting against racial discrimination in the US and he died for what he believed in. It is worth noting that some countries with stable election structures experience the true value of the voting process. Corporatism is the socio-political organization of a society by major interest groups or corporate groups such as agricultural, business, ethnic, labor, scientific affiliation or military on the basis of common interests. It is theoretically based upon the interpretation of a community as an organic body. Corporatism is an economic ideology developed mostly in Europe where the influence of the Catholic Church and of the authoritarian conservative state was strongest. However, this political and economic ideology has experienced decline in many European countries and as a result, capitalism and communism has taken center stage. This is because, corporatism maintains and reinforces social cleavages in addition to the fact that it is very sensitive to employment conditions and demographics. Most economies that have adapted corporatism are characterized by high labor